Alternatives to virtual functions include the NVI idiom (as an example of the Template Method design pattern) and various forms of the Strategy design pattern.

Inheritance of interface is different from inheritance of implementatino.

Names in derived classes hide names in base classes, which is not desirable in public inheritance. To fix it, employ using declarations or forwarding functions to make hidden names visible again.

Everything that applies to base classes must also apply to derived classes in public inheritance, for every derived class object is a base class object.

To minimize compilation dependencies, depend on declarations instead of definitions via techniques such as Handle classes and Interface classes.