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def sliding_window(s: str):
    window = ... # int/map/etc.

    left, right = 0, 0
    while right < len(s):
        # enlarge window
        window.add(s[right])
        right += 1

        while left. < right and window.need_shrink():
            window.remove(s[left])
            left += 1
            # update result